Building stones are the backbone of any construction project. They play a vital role in determining the strength and durability of a...

In the realm of construction projects, one cannot overlook the significance of sustainable and environmentally friendly building...

SURVEY COORDINATES ARE THE X-COORDINATES AND Y- Y-COORDINATES THAT DEFINE THE HORIZONTAL POSITION OF A POINT ON A GROUND SYSTEM, AND THE...

CAMBER OR CANT IS THE CROSS SLOPE PROVIDED TO RAISE THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD SURFACE IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION TO DRAIN OF RAINWATER...

BENCHMARK IS A PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY REFERENCE POINT IN SURVEYING. THE TERM IS USUALLY APPLIED TO ANY ITEM USED TO MARK A POINT AS AN...

A CONTROL POINT IS A POINT ON THE GROUND OR ANY PERMANENT STRUCTURE WHOSE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LOCATION/POSITION IS KNOWN CONTROL...

Chainage is the horizontal distance as measured along a combination of curves and straight lines (curvilinear) between two points.

Road lane width: It is also termed the right-of-way is the land acquired for road purposes.Desirable width for National and State...

TRAFFIC SIGNS ARE ERECTED AT THE SIDE OF OR ABOVE ROADS TO GIVE INSTRUCTIONS OR PROVIDE INFORMATION TO THE ROAD USERS. TYPES OF TRAFFIC...

DENSE BITUMINOUS MACADAM IT SHALL CONSIST OF MINERAL AGGREGATE AND APPROPRIATE BINDER, MIXED IN A HOT MIX PLANT AND LAID WITH A ...

THE WORK COVERS THE SUPPLY, PAINTING, LETTERING, AND FIXING OF DISTANCEMEASUREMENTSTONES AND SHALL INCLUDE: (I)HECTOMETRESTONES...

BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE( BC) IS USED FOR WEARING COURSE AND PROFILE CORRECTIVE COURSES. BC IS GENERALLY LAID IN A...

GSB MATERIALS MATERIALS TO BE USED:- NATURAL SAND, CRUSHED GRAVEL, CRUSHEDSTONE, CRUSHED SLAG OR THE COMBINATION OF THESE DEPENDINGUPON...

EXCAVATION FOR ROADWAY THIS WORK SHALL CONSIST OF EXCAVATION, REMOVAL & DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS NECESSARY FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF...

WET MIX MACADAM(WMM) WET MIX MACADAM IS A SUB-BASE/BASE COURSE OF THE PAVEMENT WHERE IN CLEAN, CRUSHED GRADED AGGREGATES AND GRANULAR...

ज्वालामुखी कैसे बनते हैं? ज्वालामुखी एक पर्वत है जिसका पृथ्वी की सतह पर एक छिद्र है जिससे आग, धुआँ और राख लगातार निकलती रहती है। इस...